Why Conservatives Oppose Raising the Minimum Wage

A new Raise the Wage wave has been sweeping the country recently. In California, lawmakers passed a deal to increase the wage to $15/hour by 2022. Seattle passed a similar bill in 2015, and the evidence points to a possible negative impact of such a large increase. So, why do conservatives oppose artificially high minimum wages anyway? First, Who Gets Paid a Minimum Wage? The first assumption of those who want to raise the minimum wage is that these people need their minimum wages raised. But who are these jobs meant for? The week I turned sixteen I started my first job. It was a glorious job that involved walking outside of the largest retailer in the world, collecting buggies, and pushing them back inside. Occasionally, I would help people load items into their cars, too. In full disclosure, this retailer actually paid me 40 cents above minimum wage to start. I met a lot of other people my age here, too. Together, we all went to school during the day and worked at night or on the weekends. Oh, and my mother also had a part-time job at the same place just to make a little extra cash. At sixteen, I had no bills. Although times are changing if I believe MTV’s Teen Mom, I also had no family to support. That minimum wage job was meant for me. It was also meant for my mom who already worked one stressful job and wanted to make a little money on the side doing less-stressful cashier work a few hours a week. Minimum wage jobs are intended to be entry level. You start at the bottom, and then through hard work, start making more money. Minimum wage jobs are not intended to be lifetime careers. They most certainly are not intended to be able to support a full family. Yes, all situations are different. And in the current economy, even these jobs are hard to come by sometimes. Higher Minimum Wage, Fewer Minimum Wage Jobs The process-based and emotional plea of raising the minimum wage is easy to do. Oh, so you don’t think American workers deserve to be able to live comfortably if they are working full time?. Thats what they will say. But economics isn’t that easy. It isn’t as though the minimum wage is increased by 25% and nothing else changes. In fact, everything changes. For starters, jobs become fewer. Make something more costly and you get less of it. Welcome to Economics 101. Most minimum wage jobs are not essential jobs (say, pushing buggies from a parking lot) and making them more costly also makes them more expendable. Add to that the recent job-killer was known as Obamacare and pretty soon you won’t have to worry about minimum wage jobs because there will be very few left. Employers would rather pay one excellent employee $16/hr with benefits rather than pay two inexperienced entry-level workers $9 with benefits. The net result is fewer jobs as duties are consolidated into fewer and fewer positions. The anti-business policies that started in 2009 have proven this point as by 2013 there were 2 million fewer people working than four years earlier, with the highest unemployment rates being in the young adult/entry level age brackets. A federal minimum wage increase is also highly uneven as the cost of living in Mississippi is very different than that of New York City. A federal minimum wage increase would disproportionately hurt business in states where everything costs less, but now the cost of labor costs much more. This is why conservatives would prefer a state-based approach as one size does not fit all. Higher Costs Wipe Out Gains in Income Not only would raising the minimum wage to reduce the number of available jobs, but it probably would fail to make life â€Å"cheaper† for these workers in the long run anyway. Imagine that every retailer, small business, gas station, and fast food and pizza joint were forced to increase the pay of their heavily teen, college-aged, part-time, and second-job workforce by 25%. Do they just go â€Å"oh okay† and do nothing to make up for that? Of course, they don’t. They either reduce employee head count (likely not making their situations â€Å"better†) or increase the cost of their product or service. So while you boost the minimum wage of these workers (even assuming they are the working poor) it doesn’t matter much because the price of every product they plan to purchase from other retailers, fast food joints, and small business just skyrocketed to pay for the pay increases. At the end of the day, the value of the dollar is merely weakened and the ability to purchase more goods becomes more  expensive anyway. Middle-Class Hit Hardest The dominoes keep falling, and now they head toward the middle class. If the minimum wage is flat-out increased – even for teens and second jobbers and retirees who don’t need an increase- it does not mean that employers would raise the wages of their middle-class workers who are more likely to be in a career. But just as the purchasing power of the dollar is diminished by higher prices for minimum wage workers, it is also increased for the middle class who are purchasing the same goods and services. But unlike the lower wage workers, the middle class does not automatically get a 25% increase in pay in order to absorb the cost of higher prices. In the end, a feel-good policy could cause even further havoc on the middle class and small businesses, while doing almost nothing to help those who the law was intended to help.

Evaluating Teamwork At A Team Essay - 2114 Words

Introduction In this essay, discussion will be made critically analysing teamwork in organisation. A team is a unit of two or more people who interact and co ordinate their work to accomplish a specific goal (Larson Lafasto, 1989). Teamwork clearly provides benefits for companies or else it companies would not be using this structural mechanism. The team concept implies a sense of shared mission and collective responsibility. Firstly, discussion will be made on management theories in regards to teamwork. These discussions will be made upon academic articles analysing characteristics of effective team in organisational structure, criticising the clear purpose, appropriate culture, specified task and suitable leadership. Individual contribution to teams will be put together as another antecedent condition. Ability to maintain functioning of team will also be described in this essay. The second main point in this essay will be about building teams for performance which include many points including the ability of team member to contribute and ability to maintain. These concepts discussed will be applied to NS Print, an organisation that I belong to as a team member. NS Print is an organisation that supplies of printed material and stationary goods to its consumers such as to small to medium size businesses. It was founded in the year 2007, and is considered to be a small business with currently employees o f 4-6. The print shop has busy operations running throughout theShow MoreRelatedTeamwork Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesTeamwork is used almost every day, whether it is at work, school, or even at home and it has a very important part in our lives. Teamwork is an action by a group of people and is a skill that is required. When in a team, you are given specific roles you are responsible for in order for the team to prosper. In the articles â€Å"The Secrets of Great Teamwork† by Martine Haas and Mark Mortensen and La Vida Robot by Joshua Davis, both authors demonstrate their knowledge and perspectives on what it takesRead MoreTeam Importance Week 3 Hcs 3251005 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes this take money, but time, skill, and teamwork. As the manager of a busy call center, the call volume has increased so much that there is an extra $20,000 to spend on improving customer satisfaction and efficiency. How can this be spent wisely to reach these goals? Teamwork is top on the l ist of importance because without a team, there is no business. Teams provide many things to a health care facility, as well as any other successful business. Teams are used in many different ways in other industriesRead MoreHcs 325 Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesWeek - 3 Importance of Teams Murugareddy Pattiputtur University of Phoenix HCS/325 Dawn Sienkiewicz November 10, 2012 Abstract Teams are formed when individuals with a common taste, preference, liking, and attitude come and work together for a common goal. Teams play a very important role in organizations as well as our personal lives. Teamwork is essential for competing in todays global arena, where individual perfection is not as desirable as a high level of collective performanceRead MoreWhat Is Teamwork1665 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Teamwork? Teamwork is defined in Websters New World Dictionary as a joint action by a group of people, in which each person subordinates his or her individual interests and opinions to the unity and efficiency of the group. This does not mean that the individual is no longer important; however, it does mean that effective and efficient teamwork goes beyond individual accomplishments. The most effective teamwork is produced when all the individuals involved harmonize their contributionsRead MoreThe World Needs Teams And People Working As A Group1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe true is the world needs teams and people working as a group. It looks a lot difficult to develop many of the experiments humanity have been developing without the cooperation of different hands or without discussions caused by distinct point of view. Even in basic things people need to feel that they are sharing a goal. There is not point if 10 doctors go into a surgery to save the patient’s life and they are not syn chronizing to do the procedure. There are no ways to win a war if the soldiersRead MoreHow Honeywell Utilizes State Of The Art Technology Essay876 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. 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It puts forward many factors which affect team cooperation at the team level, including the team characteristics and the impacts of cohesiveness, norming and the conflict in different stages of team developmentRead MorePerformance Evaluation : Performance Evaluations Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual or a team is performing as well as to help improve quality, productivity, and efficiency. However, because work has become more team-oriented, performance appraisals now tend to focus on measuring how a team’s output rather than how an individual performs his or her duty. Most of the time, individual’s rating is translated from group performance, which raises a lot issues of fairness and equity when a person does not get what he or she deserves. Therefore, in addition to evaluating the group’sRead MoreTeamwork, Collaboration And Informatics For Nursing880 Words   |  4 PagesTeamwork, Co llaboration and Informatics in Nursing The nursing field is caring, dependable, and effective. None of which could be accomplished without teamwork, collaboration and informatics. I believe these concepts are fundamental in the nursing profession. Nurses must work with other healthcare staff, the patients and their families to provide patient-centered and quality care. The use of informatics enhance both the quality of care the clients receive and the teamwork and collaboration aspectRead MoreTeamwork1485 Words   |  6 PagesTeamwork There are two ways of spreading light : to be the candle or the mirror that reflects it GOOSE - G is for GOAL The sense of a goose! The sense of a goose! People who are part of a team and share a common direction get there quicker and easier because they are traveling on trust of one another and they support each other all the way. GOOSE - O is for ORGANISED If we have as much sense as a goose we will stay in formation and share information with those who are headed the

Outsourcing And Cost Reduction In Hotel Chain - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Outsourcing And Cost Reduction In Hotel Chain. Answer: Introduction: The global hotel chains are outsourcing some of their operations as a part of the cost cutting and efficiency boosting strategies. The author has selected the customer care department of the Canadian international hotel chain, the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts for the study (fourseasons.com 2017). The assignment would first introduce the department and then proceed to prove why the outsourcing of the department would be profitable for the hotel chain. The last section would study the positive and negative effects of outsourcing the department and provide recommendations to deal with the negative effects of the outsourcing. Selected department: The customer care departments of the Four Seasons located all round the world handle quarries from customers over the phone regarding matters like room bookings and facilities available. They transfer the calls to the relevant departments if the queries of customers are pertaining to more intricate matters like payment issues. Customer care departments of Four Seasons all over the world employ thousands of employees. The department requires minimum training due to its limited scope of job and in large number of cases, depends on other departments to answer customer questions successfully (Saeidi et al., 2015 p. 345). However, employing this vast number of customer care employees adds to the salary expenditure of the international hotel chains, which cannot be justified against the minimum job responsibilities of these customer care employees compared to other departments like accounts and food and beverage. Hence, in the light of the discussion, the Canada based international hotel c hain can propose to outsource its customer departments globally to local third party consultancies, which would be responsible for sourcing and paying the customer care employees (Kang Park 2014, p. 1047). This would reduce the cost of the international hotel chain to acquire and maintain the customer care department employees in all its global branches. Identification of roles, tasks and functions of customer care department: The following are the roles, tasks and functions of the customer care department with reference to the accommodation management: Roles: The customer care department receives and answers the queries of the customers pertaining to booking and accommodation related matters. The customer care department communicates important information like change of accommodation arrangements. It transfer the calls to the concerned departments where the customers want to gain information in matters pertaining to other departments like, in case the customers want to gain information about payment status, the customer care transfer the call to the front office department (Nguyen et al., 2014 p. 1100). Tasks: The following are the tasks conducted by the customer care department: Receiving calls from the customers. Inquiring them about their queries. Answering their questions and queries. Transferring their calls to other departments if the customers want. Functions: The customer care department of Four Seasons functions as a component of the accommodation management of international hotels. The customer care department gains necessary information about the needs of the customers and communicates the information to relevant departments (Kamaruddin, Osman Pei 2017, p. 34). Accommodation management is a very important function that is managed very strategically in the international hotels like the Four Seasons. The accommodation managers look after smooth management of accommodation facilities like safety, guest management and finances. The customer care gains information from customers about their needs. For example, the customers inquire about the types of rooms available and payment modes. The customer care department communicates the information to the accommodation department (Islam, Ahmed Razak 2015, p. 245). The accommodation managers gain information about the preferences of the customers through the customer care department. They can use this information to arrange the rooms and suits as per the requirements of the customers. Thus, this management of the international properties of the Four Seasons according to the preferences of the high profile customers result in ensuring customer satisfaction, which earns the hotel chain more revenue (Huss ain, Al Nasser Hussain 2015, p.169). This analysis shows that the customer care functions as a link between the customers and accommodation management department. Role of the customer and customer needs and steps of accommodation management: Role if customers: The customers play the following roles, which contribute to the importance of the customer care departments in the international chains of hotels like the Four Seasons: The customers are the bases of the job responsibilities, career growth and all other career related aspects of the customer care department. The job responsibilities of the customer care employees consist of receiving and responding to the calls from the customers. Thus, the customers serve as the essence of the job of the customer care department (Chow, Lai Loi 2015, p.364). The customers contribute to the career growth of the customer care department of the employees of the international hotel chains like the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. The job role of customer care employees consists of not only receiving calls from customers but also providing them with appropriate solutions. The customers give ratings according to their experiences and level of customer satisfaction after speaking to the customer service executives. These ratings and reviews indicate the efficiency of the customer service department employees in meeting customer requirements and prove their efficiency. The senior managers use these ratings by customers as measurement of the performance of the customer care department employees (Mitchell, Palacios Leachman 2014, p.14). The HR department and the senior management take into consideration these ratings while appraising the employees. This analysis shows that customers play the very important in career growth of the employees of the customer care department. Customer needs pertaining to the customer care department: The following are the needs of the customers pertaining to the customer care departments of the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts: The customers expect prompt over-the-telephone services of the customer care departments of the Four Seasons. The Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts is an international chain of hotels offering luxurious accommodations all over the world. The consumers would expect the employees of the customer care departments of the hotel chain to be more efficient and resourceful to give appropriate answers to their questions (Johnson, Leenders McCue 2017, p.60). The customers booking accommodation facilities of the Four Seasons expect the customer care department to convey their concerns efficiently and promptly to the concerned departments. For example, if they want any specific food, the customer care department should convey the information to the food and beverage department. Steps the accommodation manager takes to ensure that hotel meets customer needs: The accommodation manager at the Four Seasons apply the following steps to ensure that the services at the international hotel chain meet customer needs and create positive experience among the customers: Set the target customer satisfaction level: The accommodation managers in different locations of the Four Seasons first set the benchmark of customer satisfaction, which the staff members working in the different departments like food and beverage and room service departments have to achieve. The performance of the staffs can be judged based on the feedback from the high-end customers of the properties all round the world (Brown Matsa 2016, p.510). Measure the actual performance level: The accommodation manager would measure that actual performance level of the staffs based on the ratings and reviews received from the customers. If the employees receive high rating from the customers, it means that the international hotel chain is able to meet the needs of the premium customers who stay or visit the different properties of Four Seasons all over the world (Graf et al., 2013 p.70). Training of the employees: The accommodation manager should train the employees he manages to ensure that their knowledge and competencies are always at par with the expectations of the customers. This would ensure that the hotel staff members are able to serve the customers to the highest degree of efficiently to ensure customer satisfaction. This would ensure that the hotel chain as a whole is able to meet the needs of the customers and create positive response among them (Rhodes et al., 2016 p.63). Viability of the outsourcing, benefits and drawbacks of an outsourced organisation: The above discussion shows that outsourcing is a viable solution for the customer care department of the Four Seasons in all their properties. First, the customer care department does not serve the customers directly and secondly, it is dependent on other departments to offer solutions to customers. Thirdly, the scope of the customer care department is not as broad as the finance or the HR department. Moreover, the department employs large number of employees and paying them salary adds to the cost of the hotel company (Tseng 2016, p.210). This shows that it viable to outsource the customer care employees to third party consultancies. However, the following would the benefits and drawbacks, which the Four Seasons would experience on outsourcing its customer case department. Advantages: Outsourcing would reduce the expenditure of the company: Outsourcing the customer care employees would enable the international hotel chain to reduce its salary expenditure. The customer care department does not serve customer directly and is dependent on other departments. Moreover, their scope of work is limited compared to the crucial departments like finance and marketing. Thus outsourcing the customer care department would reduce the expenditure the company bears on the strategically less important department (Chuang Lin 2017, p.25). Reduced cost of talent acquisition: Outsourcing the customer care employees to third party consultants would result in reduced cost of talent acquisition for the international hotel chain. The consultancies dealing with the customer care employees would take the responsibility of acquiring employees according to the requirements of the hotel chain. Thus, the hotel chain would able to reduce the cost of acquiring and staffing customer care employees. Disadvantages: Interference of the third party consultants: The third party consultants because of outsourcing of customer care employees would gain indirect control over the hotel companys operations. The customer care employees would be under the payroll of the third party consultancies and as they would be more responsible to the consultancies than to the hotel chain for their performance. Thus, the consultancies would indirectly control the customer care department on the hotel (Rhodes et al., 2016 p.64). Lack of control: The third party employees would be under the control of the consultancy firms and not under direct control of the hotel company. As a result the management practically would have minimum control over them or say over their performances. The hotel group will not be able to take any actions if these third party employees are caught adopting unethical or fraudulent means because they are not on roll employees of the hotel company (Chuang Lin 2017, p.25). Recommendations: The following are the recommendations, which can be offered to the management of the Four Seasons regarding outsourcing of the customer care department employees: The hotel group must outsource the lower and entry-level customer care employees. The managers should be under the payroll of the hotel group. This will allow the hotel to control the outsource employees through higher level on roll employees. The hotel group must offer promotion and absorb these outsource employees on the grounds of their performances. This will have two outcomes. First, the outsource employee will perform more efficiently to come under the pay roll of the hotel and second, it will allow the hotel group keep the efficient employees under its payroll. Thus, it would be curb the control of the third party consultancies over the customer care department. Conclusion: The above study shows that though the customer care department of the Four Seasons plays the crucial role of dealing with customer questions, its scope of activity is limited compared to departments like finance and marketing. This makes the customer care department liable for outsourcing to third party companies. However, as recommended above, the management of the international hotel chain should form strategies to control these outsource employees and reduce the interference of the consultancies in its operations. References: Brown, J. Matsa, D.A., 2016. Boarding a sinking ship An investigation of job applications to distressed firms.The Journal of Finance,71 vol.2, p.507-550. Chow, C.W., Lai, J.Y. Loi, R., 2015. Motivation of travel agents' customer service behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of leader-member exchange and internal marketing orientation.Tourism Management. Chuang, S.H. Lin, H.N., 2017. Performance implications of information-value offering in e-service systems: Examining the resource-based perspective and innovation strategy.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,26 vol..1. Fourseasons.com. 2017.London Luxury Hotel | 5-Star Hotel | Four Seasons at Ten Trinity Square. Available at: https://www.fourseasons.com/content/fourseasons/en/properties/tentrinity/ As at 26 Dec. 2017. Graf, M., Schlegelmilch, B.B., Mudambi, S.M. Tallman, S., 2013. Outsourcing of customer relationship management: Implications for customer satisfaction.Journal of Strategic Marketing,21. Hussain, R., Al Nasser, A. Hussain, Y.K., 2015. Service quality and customer satisfaction of a UAE-based airline: An empirical investigation.Journal of Air Transport Management. Islam, R., Ahmed, S. Razak, D.A., 2015. Identifying the gaps between customer expectations and perceptions on service quality dimensions of Islamic banks in Malaysia.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. Johnson, P.F., Leenders, M.R. McCue, C., 2017. A comparison of purchasings organizational roles and responsibilities in the public and private sector.Journal of Public Procurement. Kamaruddin, R., Osman, I. Pei, C.A.C., 2017. Customer expectations and its relationship towards public transport in Klang Valley.Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies. Kang, D. Park, Y., 2014. based measurement of customer satisfaction in mobile service: Sentiment analysis and VIKOR approach.Expert Systems with Applications,41 no.4, p.1041-1050. Mitchell, M., Palacios, V. Leachman, M., 2014. States are still funding higher education below pre-recession levels.Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Nguyen, H., Groth, M., Walsh, G. Hennig?Thurau, T., 2014. The impact of service scripts on customer citizenship behavior and the moderating role of employee customer orientation.Psychology Marketing. Rhodes, J., Lok, P., Loh, W. Cheng, V., 2016. Critical success factors in relationship management for services outsourcing.Service Business. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research. Tseng, S.M., 2016. Knowledge management capability, customer relationship management, and service quality.Journal of enterprise information management,29 no.2, pp.202-221.

Various Aspects Of Using Linkedin †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Various Aspects Of Using Linkedin. Answer: Introduction Linkedin is one of the biggest social networking sites that provides the individual to create their identity in the professional field. It helps to get new jobs for the fresher and also it helps to get new promising individuals for the companies (Crant, 2014). For making the profile in a Linkedin platform the person should maintain several parameters like creating the account more attractive and professional for getting more response from the professional and corporate world. In this report all those parameters which should be followed in terms of making an attractive and well deserved account are discussed and the advantages and the disadvantages of using the Linkedin websites are also discussed. Discussion of advantages of using LinkedIn for the person at your current career stage There are many advantages of using the Linkedin as the social networking platform which provides several job invitations management. B2B and B2C networking Discovering merchants, providers, producers, and other outsider assets is a breeze with LinkedIn (Faff, Lay Smith, 2017). The stage is intended to associate individuals and organizations with like interests, all things considered, and your odds of finding an accomplice the person can trust are enormously expanded with the energy of the system. As opposed to going through a telephone directory and correlation value looking for a considerable length of time or even a long time before picking a seller, the person can send a couple of mails and be done in only a couple of hours. Likewise, seeing the merchant's online nearness gives a more entire photo of an organization than simply addressing somebody on the telephone may, so the person can check whether different organizations have had great encounters working with the seller. Brand building is a fundamental piece of any strategy for success, and an all around oversaw LinkedIn profile can fill in as a lead for your image. By keeping dynamic and posting regularly on the site, the person can assemble your image a little bit at a time, expanding affability and step by step constructing the trust of your potential client base through convenient, important, and intriguing posts (Gropper, 2017). Your image is the manner by which the person relates to your clients both present and future, and LinkedIn gives an ideal approach to shape that brand picture the way the person need it. LinkedIn can be an awesome road to advance new items and administrations without depending on customary promoting efforts. By differentiation to a costly promotion battle, producing buzz on the informal community is reasonable, adaptable, and absolutely in your control. Lead generation: Systems administration with conceivable purchasers by streamlining your record profile and friends page, and also reliably posting pertinent and one of a kind substance, are both key components of taking full advantage of the informal community, as talked about (Dale et al., 2014). An immediate consequence of proceeding to assemble a more intelligent and centered brand is the age of new leads that will happen naturally as individuals discover the person on LinkedIn and like what they see. This technique joins all the best parts of conventional verbal lead age with the control of indicating clients your best side by picking what to incorporate into your profile. Staffing: Your dynamic and reliably pertinent LinkedIn profile is certain to pull in enquiries and applications from top ability who are utilizing the system to discover awesome openings for work. Exploit this by keeping a dynamic rundown of open occupations and positions connected to your own organization page, to be effectively found by somebody who might hope to join your group (Heek Mark, 2017). Since LinkedIn is the informal organization management of decision for business systems administration and professional success, top level ability is probably to focus the ability to the organization profile alone. Customer satisfaction At long last, LinkedIn offers an ideal road through which to cooperate with your client base, with overviews, informing and remarks. On the off chance that done right, this can give an ideal intends to accomplishing awesome consumer loyalty levels and indicating the person are an organization that considerations (Poggiolini et al., 2015). Clients genuinely value feeling like their voice is heard, so connecting with clients by means of general society and private informing alternatives on the interpersonal organization is an extraordinary approach to determine any issues and demonstrate that the person are tuning in to your clients, too. Numerous business experts accept that LinkedIn is only a systems administration site for work seekers and scouts, and thus, pass up a major opportunity for the more extensive advantages of the stage. Similarly as with any interpersonal organization, the advantages of an all around kept up profile focused on outreach whether to new clients, new sellers, or even newcomers. LinkedIn's many advantages as a social stage make the webpage a crucial piece of any business' web system and online networking nearness (Russell, 2013). Common mistakes people make developing their profile Linkedin is a very strong and effective networking website which can help to get a job or to hire new individual to several job profiles. It is only possible when the account of the corresponding person is good enough to attract the companies (White, 2017). There are many mistakes that people make during making of their profile in Linkedin. Those problems are given below. Having no well defined goal The greatest oversight individuals make isn't having an objective for LinkedIn, which can be utilized as a part of various ways. It can be utilized to discover a vocation. It can be utilized to ensure your associates and your system is refreshed on your expert experience and what you're doing. Having a characterized objective is vital to completely use the site's potential. Be professional LinkedIn is for proficient informal communication. Along these lines, your profile and your posts ought not to be about your own life. Others will discover it diverting and troublesome, and it could even cost the person a couple of your associations. Everybody is ridiculously, occupied, and LinkedIn is a business device. A standout amongst the most shocking mix-ups is when individuals are social. Individuals would prefer not to be occupied; they just need esteem included data coming at them. The person needs to position yourself on LinkedIn as a trusted consultant, in whatever range your image calls for, so including esteem is so critical (Toledano et al., 2014). At the point when individuals post social things about their children or little recreations, it's truly diverting. A few people may even piece you. Rather, the person needs to be viewed as somebody who can be trusted to include esteem. Provide proper picture The photo that a man decides for LinkedIn ought to be proficient, yet it ought to likewise be warm and welcoming. The person needs to be viewed as somebody who is congenial, and furthermore somebody who cherishes their activity. Dress professionally and make sure the person look casual and agreeable in your photograph. There shouldn't be anybody in the photograph yet you, and it ought to be genuinely later. Your photo is one of the main things individuals see when they take a gander at your profile; make certain it sets the correct tone. Not providing proper headline The feature is imperative. This is the fundamental path in which individuals can discover the person on the site; thus, it's basic that what the person do is obviously characterized here. It's essential to characterize what the person does in your profile feature unmistakably and therefore returning to your objective, in case you're searching for work, for SEO intentions, it's truly critical that the person put precisely what you're searching for in your title. Once the individual's profile is up and running makes sure to utilize it. Joining gatherings, posting refreshes, and interfacing with your associations is a critical piece of the procedure as well. Likewise with such a significant number of things in life, you'll escape LinkedIn what the person put into it. In this way, be proficient, be clear, and be receptive. What's more, before the person knows it, you'll begin to receive the benefits. Advices for leveraging LinkedIn account Practical application Creation of attractive profile and availability of job An expert feature with the person's photo and his or her name is the thing that individuals see frequently on LinkedIn, so it's justified, despite all the trouble to take a few minutes to make something engaging (Peterson Dover, 2014). Transfer a headshot as expert looking as could reasonably be expected, and compose a concise and convincing feature, which runs directly under your name. Many people simply express their present place of employment, yet in the event that you have various professions or positions, she exhorts concentrating on ranges of abilities. The job availability also increases due to the application of the platform which is provided by the Linkedin website as the networking in the professional world. Use LinkedIn profile to showcase every prospects LinkedIn changed its inquiry calculation, so set aside opportunity to round out the depiction ranges. Don't simply list your activity title, which is the means by which individuals used to have the capacity to discover you (Khanna, 2015). Round out the 1,000-character depiction regions under each occupation title and in your general outline; list your agreement work and the outcomes you got or some other extra segments, for example, Courses, Certifications, Patents or Volunteering, that enable you to highlight other important abilities. Increasing professional approach LinkedIn is for proficient informal communication. Along these lines, your profile and your posts ought not to be about your own life. Others will discover it diverting and troublesome, and it could even cost the person a couple of your associations (Jaffe Irizarry, 2014). The presentation management should be more on the basis of the ability and specials characteristics of the person. It does not contain any personal aspects which are used socially. In the above two diagrams my Linkedin profile are shown. There are several features which I have included and implemented in order to make my Linkedin profile look better for the presentation of my professional details to the companies through this networking platform. It is seen that there are many scope left for making my profile more advanced and attractive and from the analysis discussed in this report I have learnt that I should put more emphasize on networking with people in several industries in a professional way. Conclusion From the above discussion it is concluded that the account should be more attractive and the approach of the person should be more professional for creating a better impact in the professional sector. Linkedin is one of the biggest social networking sites that provides the individual to create their identity in the professional field. It helps to get new jobs for the fresher and also it helps to get new promising individuals for the companies. For making the profile in a Linkedin platform the person should maintain several parameters like creating the account more attractive and professional for getting more response from the professional and corporate world. References Crant, J. (2014). Using LinkedIn to Boost Top Financial Careers. Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance, 25(3), 19-23. Dale, R. C., Brilot, F., Duffy, L. V., Twilt, M., Waldman, A. T., Narula, S., ... Eleftheriou, D. (2014). Utility and safety of rituximab in pediatric autoimmune and inflammatory CNS disease. Neurology, 83(2), 142-150. Faff, R. W., Lay, J., Smith, M. (2017). PoW! Using Social Media to Leverage Research VisibilityPitch of the WeekPosts in LinkedIn. Gropper, R. L. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,697,289. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Heek, P., Mark, P. (2017). Load-bearing capacities of SFRC elements accounting for tension stiffening with modified moment-curvature relations. Special Publication, 310, 301-310. Jaffe, A. E., Irizarry, R. A. (2014). Accounting for cellular heterogeneity is critical in epigenome-wide association studies. Genome biology, 15(2), R31. Khanna, S. (2015). Boost Your LinkedIn Profile. Journal of Accountancy, 220(2), 18. Peterson, R. M., Dover, H. F. (2014). Building student networks with LinkedIn: The potential for connections, internships, and jobs. Marketing Education Review, 24(1), 15-20. Poggiolini, P., Bosco, G., Carena, A., Curri, V., Jiang, Y., Forghieri, F. (2015). A simple and effective closed-form GN model correction formula accounting for signal non-Gaussian distribution. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 33(2), 459-473. Russell, M. A. (2013). Mining the Social Web: Data Mining Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, GitHub, and More. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Toledano, M., Britton, J. W., McKeon, A., Shin, C., Lennon, V. A., Quek, A. M. L., ... Lagerlund, T. D. (2014). Utility of an immunotherapy trial in evaluating patients with presumed autoimmune epilepsy. Neurology, 82(18), 1578-1586. White, S. (2017). Write a LinkedIn profile that draws in recruiters. Journal of Accountancy, 223(2), 20.

Teaching Profession Head and Tail free essay sample

Teaching Profession: Head and Tail B. R. PARMAR ‘HANSAMUKH’ Head In present education system teacher has play an important role in transaction of curriculum. In the twenty first century, teacher has become the main focus of discussion, because teacher is the pivotal of all kind of knowledge transmission. It has been said beautifully that teacher is entitled to enter heaven. Not even this, those who accompany the teacher will also enter the heaven. The place where teacher and student meet is heaven. On the eve of the Teacher’s Day, President Smt. Pratibha Patil called on teachers to expand their role in keeping with the changing times and the advent of technology. She said that â€Å"The question may arise that in an age where there is so much information available in books, on television and myriads of vehicles of electronic transmission, what is the role of a teacher? In this environment their role has only expanded. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Profession: Head and Tail or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have to interpret the vast information, often guiding children in distinguishing between what is relevant and what is not†¦. Moreover, teachers must inculcate in their students the approaches and principles that constitute civilized human behaviour. Even the best of technology of today cannot do this. † It is said that teaching profession is the best profession among all. The respect and regard of teaching profession is very high. Teacher elsewhere have always commanded great respect and regard from the society, because teacher is rescuer of humanity. He prepares citizen and creates manpower for every sector of human activity. The quality of people, and their level of thinking, largely depends on the contribution made by the teacher. This view is also supported by the father of Nation Mahatma Gandhi. He says – â€Å"I have always felt that the true text book for the pupil is his teacher. I remember very little that my teachers taught me from books, but I have even now a clear recollection of thing they taught me independently of books. † Two factors distinguish a profession once it has really evolved into one. One is the pursuit of excellence and the second is a code of ethics which the profession gradually adopts for itself. In regard to both these features, the situation in teaching is far from satisfactory. Even though the teachers have accepted the changes, responsibilities and task to create a complete individual who will be able to lead a contented, fearless, happy and peaceful life. Throughout the country and at different stages of development, teacher’s role in shaping the present and future of nation have been clearly emphasized by men of eminence in every walk of life. It is universally recognized that the most powerful influence of a teacher’s personality lies in the hidden curriculum of his personality and behaviour and the silent message which the students can, and do, get through his thinking, discipline of mind and refinement of taste. Education commission (1964-66) rightly pointed out that â€Å"The destiny of India is now being shaped in her classroom. This, we believe, is not mere rhetoric. † The teaching profession has been also extolled by Sri Sathya Sai Baba and compares a teacher with the sculptor and observes that, â€Å"the sculptor by subjecting a useless stone to different processes through careful chiseling, transforms it into a beautiful idol which becomes worthy of worship when it is installed in a temple. Whose is the hand that has transmitted a useless stone into a scared statue worshipped by many? It is the noble hand of the sculptor that has turned it into a statue and has lent an immense value to it. Similarly, it is the teacher alone just like the deft sculptor, who removes always, with deft handling, the drawbacks and weakness in students and lifts him to sublime heights. † Human Resource Development Minister Mr. Kapil Sibal also said that â€Å"symbolize the fact that the country looks to its teachers as our nation’s driving force on our journey ahead. † Tail But on the other side it is said that knowledge is not transferable. Nothing can be taught. Teacher is only a facilitator. Teacher can not change set of mind of the child. In the existing teaching practice, knowledge is considered as accumulation of facts, laws theories. Role f teacher is to transmit the authoritarian information to the students, who are considered as passive receivers of information. Teaching- Learning achievement is evaluated with the help of complicacies tests of three hours. Students’ response is judged based on the answer fixed and decided by the examination board. The exi sting examination systems categorize the students into the classes and categories with grades marks. In this critical situation what should be done then? Be a coach or a sage. In the present age, to be a sage is very difficult. Teacher does not have any power. Psychological tools have failed before new generation. Teacher- pupil relation deaden day by day. Hence, humble submission is that better to be a coach, because the coach knows the way, shows the way and goes the way. The coach knows how to teach how much to teach. Which pedagogy of teaching is suitable for a particular age group? The coach knows the way to achieve the goal. He also knows the alternative path of success. The coach also enables to understand the consequences upon the way. During my long association with teaching profession, I realized that one cannot gather the beauty of a flower only by plucking its petals. Society has to grow flowers which are full of fragrance. In my perception teaching profession is not as it looks. Let me code the observation of Prof. J. S. Rajput on the rights of a teacher. He said that â€Å"Every teacher deserves a reasonable and comparable emolument as a matter of right. They also deserve adequate opportunities for upward mobility. Their good works deserve some words of appreciation. In addition and rather more importantly, they deserve opportunities for professional growth which may include higher qualifications, innovations, experimentation and research. They have a right to express their views on school matter of immediate relevance to teacher and learner. Teacher should be motivated to undertake innovative programme, practices and experiment. They should have the right to get necessary support in their efforts. † The responsibilities and task of a teacher include creating a complete individual who will be able to lead a contented, fearless, happy and peaceful life and allow and help other to lead the same kind of life. The scope of this task is wide, complex and heavy. When one looks at the way professions have evolved in modern Indian society, one is struck by one peculiarity in regard to the profession of teaching. It is true that most of the people are drifted into teaching and it is very few who really opt for it. In terms of emoluments, it is not attractive. In terms of social prestige, it has very little to command itself. Let me code the famous saying. There can be muddy teaching in marble halls and marvelous teaching in muddy walls. Think of education where we have good infrastructure and bad teacher and compare it to the situation where we have good teacher and a bad infrastructure. Think of their salary in twenty first century where they are gating merely handful amount. In some states teacher is called Sikshakarmi, Sanvida Sikshak and education worker. No promotion, no pension. No security of job. What hell creating for them? Of course; many proverbs are there for teaching profession. But teacher can not walk and fulfill the obligations with the help of these good saying. Hence, it is the need of the hour to think over their eco-socio status with the changing times. In my opinion teacher need to be part of domain. At the same time teacher has try level best to regain his old status and be panacea for the social ills. Best reward to a teacher is that his taught have take mastery over the subject.

Modals in Different Varieties of English

Modals in Different Varieties of English Introduction The modern use of some words can be considered wrong though the changes that are natural for the language take place and should be treated as the transitional period in formation of new grammar and vocabulary. In this respect, I would like to analyse the use of modal words and modal verbs in different varieties of English by contemporary speakers comparing those with the results received a few decades earlier.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Modals in Different Varieties of English specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So, I would like to trace the relation between the origin of speakers and their ability to use modals correctly taking into account the current situation in the language environment and the one that occurred a few decades earlier with regard to the varieties of British and American English in different age groups. Aim and Scope The main purpose of this paper consists in investigating t he use of modal verbs and expressions in different varieties of English language including mostly the difference between American and British English. Besides, it is necessary to analyse the peculiarities of use of modals by teenagers and children with the help of examples from different corpora of English language. These corpora include examples of speech from different settings and origins including different age groups, namely children and teenagers, various sources of information such as documents and newspaper articles. One of the major peculiarities of these corpora is the variety of genres including press reportage, editorials, reviews of books and music, letters, periodicals, catalogues and reports as well as fiction, science fiction, adventure, humour, and romance. Every source will be analysed with regard to the frequency of use of modals in different functions and shifts in the meaning conveyed with the help of modals that can be observed in terms of the period to which t he examples refer. Besides, it is also necessary to investigate how children and teenagers were affected by changes in the meaning and the frequency of use of modals by adults and teenagers/children. Previous Work As a rule, linguists investigate the most interesting aspects of the language usage in terms of results of the researches to be used in practice. In this respect, the changes that occurred in the use of modals can be related to the shifts in preferences of using modals and quasi-modals. Besides, population of different continents uses modals and quasi-modals with different frequency as well as representatives of different generations. Moreover, the results of the research can be influenced by the origin of the example taking into account the oral speech and written language because the genre to which the example is referred characterises the formality.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, formal language is supposed to contain more modals whereas informal language is sure to contain more quasi-modals and fewer modals. As reported by Collins, the shift in the use of modals can be seen while comparing the results from British and American English-speaking population in the early 1960s and in the early 1990s respectively (7). These findings analyse the figures presented in studies by Leech (2003), smith (2003), and Mair and Leech (2006) who investigated the changes that took place in the use of modals taking into account American and British varieties of English language. Every member of the society has a right to express his/her thoughts in different ways. The variety of ways can be seen from the COLT corpus that includes Bergen Corpus of London Teenage English being a vivid representation of variety of nonverbal means of communication among teenagers and communication of teenagers with members of their families including other sibl ings and parents, teachers, and strangers. As a rule, teenagers use more informal language when they communicate with peers; this variant of communication differs greatly from the language used by teenagers with parents and teachers. However, the main aim of the current research is to investigate the frequency of use of different modals and quasi-modals and the percentage of use taking into account modals and quasi-modals ratio in the American corpus primarily. As suggested by Krug, the attention to quasi-modals is not sufficient in terms of scholarly articles and researches conducted on this issue (1). The researcher analyses the modals and quasi-modals with regard to their grammaticalization and categories typical for modals: â€Å"the most salient determinants in the present case are almost certainly phonological form, morphosyntactic properties and discourse frequency of potential category members† (Krug 3). Though many researchers have compared and contrasted the frequen cy of using different parts of speech and various phrases and word combinations by native speakers of English with regard to different dialects and genres, it is still necessary to investigate the number of modal used in different periods with regard to information from the Corpus of historical American English, contemporary situation with regard to the information from the Corpus of contemporary American English, and contrast the number of modals used by Americans with the one used by users of the British variety of English with regard to the information from the British national corpus. In other words, the current research is focused on the analysis of data from these three corpora using the theoretical background about the use of modals from researches conducted by other scholars. Material The nature of the primary research consists in choosing modals for analysis and comparing the frequency of use of modals in sources of different genres and in spoken language taking into accoun t the situation in American variety of English a hundred years earlier and contemporary situation. I have used the corpora of English language to investigate the frequency of use of modals in different varieties of English though the primary purpose of the research was to compare and contrast the findings from the British variant of English and American variant of English with regard to the historical development of the latter.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Modals in Different Varieties of English specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, the most influential limitation was the lack of information on the historical development of the British variant of English over a long period of time. As the changes in the American variant of English could be explored from 1810 to 2000, the changes in the British variant of English could be explored only regarding the results from two last decades dating from 1 990 till 2010. Though I used the modals and quasi-modals that are typical of the English language with regard to all varieties of the language, I faced the difficulties concerning the variety of combinations that were typical of the modals and quasi-modals. In other words, further research could focus on the combinations of other parts of speech with modals and the nature of expressions in terms of mood (imperative or subjunctive) and the attitude of the author of the utterance. So, the main sources of data include the Corpus of Contemporary American English, the Corpus of Historical American English, and the British National Corpus. I used the Corpus of Contemporary American English to see the frequency of occurrence of different modals in spoken language, fiction, articles from magazines, newspaper articles, and academic sources with regard to the period (1990-2010) to which the use refers. The Corpus of Historical American English provides researchers with a richer variety of res ults as it includes the examples of speech dating from 1810 till 2000. In this respect, I was able to analyse the frequency of use of modals in different periods of time with regard to the sources they appeared in, including fiction, non-fiction, magazines, and news. This information enabled me to conduct a research on a great variety of issues concerning the use of word and the peculiarities of word choice for different sources such as fiction and non-fiction. Besides, it is possible to analyse the percentage of the appearance of modals in fiction and non-fiction. One of the limitations, in this regard, concerns the historical approach that, if used, could explain the frequency of use of certain words due to changes in the country and the world including economical factors, social and cultural development, and shift in lifestyle and values of the population. The British National Corpus provides researchers with the information on the variety of different word combinations. In this respect, I was able to investigate the frequency of using modals in different setting in terms of the genre and parts of speech with which the modal occurred. The queries could be limited in terms of written and spoken language inserted into examples. In other words, the research turned out to be full of unexpected limitations. To be more exact, the limitations should have been imposed into the research mode so that I could get the clear data for analysis at the end of the investigation. However, this was not doe at the beginning of the research; so, I had to limit the number of queries and choose more objective and universal samples from all three corpora. In other words, the choice of data was likely to affect the results in an important way if the number of queries is not restricted.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Method Though the comparative analysis of the use of modals and quasi-modals was conducted by Mair and Leech (2006), it is necessary to view the frequency of use of certain modals and quasi-modals that were reported to have the lowest difference in American and British variants of English. In other words, the study is based on the findings by Mair and Leech (2006) who managed to identify the use of modals and quasi-modals in examples provided by American and British English language corpora. In this respect, the issue of primary importance is the decline of use of modals and increase in the number of quasi-modals used in the late twentieth – early twenty-first century. Though modals were used more frequently at the beginning of the reported period and the frequency of their use declined toward the end of the reported period, the frequency of use of quasi-modals was just the opposite and it increased toward the end of the same period. I searched for the frequency of use of the modals shall and should and quasi-modals be supposed to and need to. First, I entered the modal should into the entry boxes of all three corpora mentioned above including the Corpus of Contemporary American English, the Corpus of Historical American English, and the British National Corpus. This enabled me to see the changes in the use of the modal in a short period of time in the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus; also, I could trace more obvious changes in the frequency of use of the modal with the help of queries made through the Corpus of Historical American English. The next step I took was the same procedure with the modal shall, and quasi-modals be supposed to and need to. The final stage of the research presupposed analysis of data and relevant conclusion made on the basis of the findings. In this respect, I was able to see the changes that took place in the use of modals that were previously reported to have similar changes in both var ieties of English including British and American variants and quasi-modals that were previously reported to have a greater difference in changes in these two variants of English language. As reported by Mair and Leech, the modal shall was used less frequently by people who used the British variant of English (-43.7% compared to the data received in 1960s) and by people who used the American variant of English language (-43.8%). Similar changes can be observed with regard to the frequency of use of the modal should (-11.8% of British and -13.5% of American). The quasi-modals were used more frequently compared to the period of 1960s when the first set of data was received. Thus, the quasi-modal be supposed to was used more frequently in the British variant (+113.6%) and in the American variant (+6.3%) which shows a great difference in the variants. The quasi-modal need to was used more often as well (+249% in British and +123% in American). Results and Analysis The first set of data c omes from the comparison of styles and genres used by the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus. The following figure suggests the data received from the British National Corpus. Figure 1: Frequency of use of the modal should represented by the results from the British National Corpus. Section/use per million spoken fiction magazine newspaper non-acad academic miscellaneous 9,724.94 7,015.77 8,241.27 7,571.64 8,142.98 10,221.98 11,257.89 Key: non-acad – is the set of non-academic sources whereas written and spoken are not clearly differentiated. Thus, the British National Corpus provided the information concerning the genres and styles typical for the use of modal should. I turned out that the modal should is used more frequently in spoken language, in academic sources and in sources considered miscellaneous. These results enabled me to conclude that the frequency of the use of the modal should is still very high with regard to the r eported decline of the use. The next step concerned the use of the same modal traced with the help of the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Figure 2: Frequency of use of the modal should represented by the results from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Section/use per million spoken fiction magazine newspaper academic 930.65 622.75 721.51 657.63 897.18 Though the non-academic and miscellaneous sources are not identified as separate subgenres, it is necessary to show that the difference between the British and the American variants is still very high as 9,724.94 words per million in the British variant is much larger than 930.65 words per million in the American variant of English. In this respect, the difference is already obvious though it is necessary to see the situation that occurred in the frequency of use of the modal should with the help of the results from the Corpus of Historical American English. This corpus enables me to claim that the frequency of use of the modal should declined greatly while comparing the results from different decades during the entire nineteenth century and the entire twentieth century. In this respect, the most frequently the modal should was used in the period of 1820s though even then the use of this modal was not as large as the current situation in the British variant of English as there was an average number of 1,649.88 words per million whereas the use of the same modal in the contemporary British variant of English equals an average figure of 7,423.46 words per million. The next modal that was analysed is shall. The first corpus that should be discussed in this section is the Corpus of Historical American English which provides us with the picture showing changes in the frequency of use of the modal shall comparing the nineteenth and twentieth century. In this respect, we can see that the decline is great, especially while comparing the results on the frequency of use of the modal shall in the early nineteenth century and the ones from the late twentieth century. Thus the results from the 1810s equal 1,924.31 words per million whereas the same figure is much smaller for the period of 1990-2000 (53.27 words per million). It is also notable that the most frequently the modal shall was used in fiction and in academic sources whereas spoken language, examples from magazines and newspapers show smaller frequency of the use of the modal shall. Figure 3: Frequency of use of the modal shall represented by the results from the British National Corpus. Section/use per million spoken fiction magazine newspaper non-acad academic miscellaneous 2,195.98 2,310.60 315.07 330.20 1,160.58 2,139.88 2,024.27 This figure shows that the results differ greatly with regard to the use of the modal shall in the American and in British variants of English. At the same time, the results concerning the genre of use partially coincide for two variants of English language though the British s poken language as well as examples from miscellaneous sources demonstrates the same or similar frequency as the ones from fiction and academic sources as well as in the American variant of English. Figure 4: Frequency of use of the modal should represented by the results from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Section/use per million spoken fiction magazine newspaper academic 22.59 70.29 21.88 14.03 63.93 The results received from the Corpus of Contemporary American English are similar to those reported concerning the use of the Corpus of Historical American English where the use of the modal shall prevailed in fiction and academic sources while it was the least frequent in examples from newspapers (14.03 words per million). This figure can be compared to the results from the same genres for the British variant of English language where the frequency of use of the modal shall equals 2,310.60 words per million and 2,139.88 words per million for the academic sources . The next unit for analysis was the frequency of use of the quasi-modal be supposed to in British and American variants of English. It is necessary to note that this quasi-modal was analysed in terms of pure entries (supposed to was analysed in queries in order to ensure that all variants are included be supposed to, is supposed to, are supposed to, am supposed to, ‘m supposed to, ‘re supposed to, etc.) In this respect, the results for entry supposed to differed greatly for the initial entry be supposed to. As this imposed some limitation on the analysis, I decided to restrict results to the absolute queries that were supposed to include all potentially relevant results. The results from the Corpus of Historical American English enable us to see that the obvious changes started in the 1930s when the frequency of use of the quasi-modal supposed to was characterised with the 43.21 words per million whereas every coming decade showed increased frequency of use of this qua si-modal leading to the results of 98.32 words per million for the period of 2000s. One of the most notable features of the frequency of use of the quasi-modal supposed to concerns the sources of examples as in all periods reported in the Corpus of Historical American English, spoken language provided us with the most frequent use of this quasi-modal. The results received from the Corpus of Contemporary American English differ slightly from the ones in the Corpus of Historical American English. Thus, we can see the difference from the figure: Figure 5: Frequency of use of the quasi-modal supposed to represented by the results from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Section/use per million spoken fiction magazine newspaper academic 103.92 121.42 53.12 60.82 24.80 This figure shows that the main sources where the frequency of the use of the quasi-modal supposed to was higher than in the spoken language is the fiction. The results from the British National Corpus are similar to the situation presented in the Corpus of Historical American English where spoken language shows the highest frequency of use of the quasi-modal supposed to. The final unit for analysis is the quasi-modal need to; as reported by Mair and Leech, the use of this quasi-modal increased dramatically with regard to the results from 1960s compared to the contemporary situation. We can clearly see the frequency of use of the quasi-modal need to with the help of results from the Corpus of Historical American English where the lowest frequency can be observed in the period of 1810s (2.54 words per million) while the highest frequency of use is typical of the period of 2000s (211.14 words per million). Figure 6: Frequency of use of the quasi-modal need to represented by the results from the British National Corpus. Section/use per million spoken fiction magazine newspaper non-acad academic miscellaneous 2,555.89 1,028.71 1,589.51 873.46 1,438.18 1,840.44 1,882.11 This figu re shows that the use of the quasi-modal need to was the most frequent in the spoken variant of the British English whereas the average frequency is about 1,601.19 words per million which is twice as high as the frequency of use of this quasi-modal in newspapers and is almost 1.5 as low as the frequency of use of the quasi-modal need to in spoken language. The results received from the Corpus of Contemporary American English provide us with the information similar to the one from the British National corpus which enables us to conclude that the frequency of use of the quasi-modal need to increased compared to the beginning of the early nineteenth century. Conclusion The use of modal words and combinations has changed over the last hundred years with regard to the data from the British national corpus (BNC), Corpus of Contemporary American English, and Corpus of Historical American English as the sources of primary research materials. Besides, it is necessary to note that the use of the modals shall and should differs from the changes in the frequency of use of quasi-modals supposed to and need to. In other words, the data from the corpora demonstrates certain tendencies when the frequency of use of modals declines contrasted to the frequency of use of quasi-modals which increases. The most obvious changes concern the spoken language where the use of quasi-modals supposed to and need to is higher than in all other genres and sources of data. However, the quasi-modal supposed to is reported to be frequently used in fiction rather than in spoken language according to the results received from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. At the same time, the frequency of use of the modals shall and should tends to decline compared to the results received in the early nineteenth century. Collins, Peter. Modals and Quasi-Modals in English. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2009. Print. Facchinetti, Roberta, Manfred G. Krug, and Frank Robert Palmer (Eds.). Modality in Contemporar y English. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2003. Krug, Manfred G. Emerging English modals: a corpus-based study of grammaticalization. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2000. Mair, Christian, and Geoffrey Leech. â€Å"Current Changes in English Syntax.† 2006. Accessed from https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/doc_library/linguistics/leechg/mai_and_leech_2006.pdf.

Summary of Article on Current Business Issue Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary of on Current Business Issue - Article Example Each year thousands of new college graduates enter the job market in America. During the summer of 2012 the U.S. economy lost 8.8 million jobs and only added 3.8 million which results in a net job loss of 5 million jobs (Corona, 2012). It is estimated that if the U.S wants to cut down the unemployment rate to 6%, which would be near the natural unemployment rate of 5%, for it to happen the U.S would have to create 361,000 jobs a month for the next three years (Corona, 2012). One of the reasons that the official economic unemployment rate the government promotes is not accurate is because it does not account for the 88 million Americans that have given up in finding a job due to the poor job marketplace in America. The unemployment dilemma in our country is about to get worse because as reputable sources such as the Wall Street Journal predict a slowdown in the second half of the year and high unemployment for years to come (Corona, 2012). The current employment crisis in America is t he government fault. The current economic policies the government is implementing are not creating sufficient jobs to reduce unemployment in America. President Obama has been heavily criticized for maintaining Bush tax cuts for the middle class for another year. The policy Obama implement has been viewed as a strategy to earn votes during the upcoming elections. These fiscal policies are outdated since they are aligned with the strategies that the government has used during the last ten years. There is some speculation that the current government is going to impose tax hikes if the Democratic government is reelected. The Unites States economy has a great effect on the economies of many countries around the world. â€Å"There is some truth that our problems are a reflection of troubles in the European Union and a softening of the Chinese economy† (Corona, 2012). The Unites States is the largest trading partner with China and it is not in the best interest of China for the U.S economy to be suffering. Most economists agree that when the U.S economy is booming it has ripple effect that positively impacts the global economy. The TARP legislation has been viewed as a negative variable that has not served its purpose of helping the economic system. These governmental policies were focused on saving the banking industry rather than the general business community. A major reason for the bad state of the U.S economy is the lack of trust of American in what the government if doing. People are getting frustrated at the slow reaction of governmental official at tacking the issues and problems in the economy. A major drawback of the new governmental policies is that they are increasing the taxes for business entities. This is causing a lot of multinational companies to move their operations oversee where they can obtain cheaper labor costs and preferential tax treatments. A lot of companies in the U.S are riding tough economic times and the government is not doing a nything to gain their confidence that they can continue to operate in America in a profitable manner. When businesses face tough economic times the inevitable result is a lack of job creation and a movement of multinational operations to downsizing their operations in America in search for cost savings by moving operations oversee. It is sad that in the United States small companies